This archive report was first published on 19 November 2019.
As a parent, it's natural to have concerns about the HPV vaccine, especially with recent negative publicity. However, it's essential to separate fact from fiction and understand the benefits of this life-saving vaccine.
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause various health issues, including cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, and throat. Most HPV infections are temporary and have few long-term health effects, but in some cases, the virus can persist and lead to serious health problems.
HPV vaccines have been available for several years, but their uptake has been slow in developing countries, including Kenya. Western countries have already implemented effective HPV vaccination programs, but most developing countries are just catching up. The vaccines are best given to young girls at the ages of 11 to 12 years, but can be commenced as early as 9 years.
The timing of vaccination prior to sexual exposure is crucial as it allows the body to mount an immune response long before exposure to the virus. This can lead to lower rates of harboring HPV in the genital tract and reduced rates of gynecological cancers associated with HPV. Boys can also be vaccinated, boosting protection against genital warts and anal cancer.
Three doses of the HPV vaccine were initially recommended, but two doses have also been shown to be effective. The schedule of vaccination should be discussed with your healthcare provider. Protection against HPV infection is long-lasting, and booster doses are not recommended.
Catch-up vaccination can be given up to the age of 26 years, and there may also be a protective effect in older women. However, vaccination does not completely negate screening for cervical cancer with regular pap smears and HPV testing.
There have been occasional media reports about untoward effects of HPV vaccines, but the vaccines have already been tried and tested, and their safety is supported by various regulatory authorities. Most reported side effects are rare and transient, including pain and redness at the injection site, mild fever, headache, and nausea or vomiting.
Life-threatening allergic reactions are very rare, and if suspected, should warrant immediate medical attention. Like all other vaccines, monitoring for unusual problems is always ongoing.
Countries with effective HPV vaccination programs are already projecting cervical cancer eradication in the foreseeable future. All our eligible adolescents should get vaccinated and be protected from cervical cancer.
Don't believe those who mistakenly publicize unsubstantiated objections on the HPV vaccine. Such individuals may not fully comprehend the burden of cervical cancer in our part of the world, which can only be reduced by effective vaccination and screening programs.
Dr. Alfred Murage is a Consultant Gynaecologist and Fertility Specialist.
