Kiarutara, Kenya — A government-led irrigation project in Murang'a County has transformed water access for farmers by implementing metering systems that ensure equitable distribution.
The Kiarutara-Ragia Water Project (KRWP) initially faced challenges when a flat-rate fee of 150 Kenyan shillings ($1.30) per month failed to incentivize water conservation. Upstream farmers, unburdened by usage limits, often depleted supplies, leaving downstream members like Teresiah Mugo struggling to grow crops during dry seasons.
"I could hardly grow any crops, and when I managed to, the crops would slowly wither and dry," Mugo recalled. The situation changed in 2018 when the project expanded its pipeline and introduced meters, charging farmers based on actual water consumption. This shift led to a 50% increase in efficiency, according to Kenya's Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Sanitation.
Under the new system, farmers pay 250 shillings ($2.16) monthly for up to 10 cubic meters of water, with additional charges for excess use. Wamburi Murira, an upstream farmer, noted the cultural shift: "We used to water our crops with no regard to the quantity used, since there were no limitations." Post-metering, he said, "I am okay now with paying for what I use."
The initiative, part of the Upper Tana Natural Resources Management Project (UTaNRMP) launched in 2012, has upgraded 55 community irrigation systems across 2,500 hectares. Project coordinator Faith M. Livingstone emphasized the importance of the change: "Every drop of water in the catchment counts."
While some farmers initially feared higher costs, the project’s success has alleviated concerns. Bancy Mati, a water management expert, called metering "a win for both man and the environment" as climate change intensifies water scarcity.
Since implementation, the KRWP has doubled its user base while maintaining consistent water service. Mugo now sells surplus produce, stating, "I have surplus to sell, hence some money in my pocket."
