This archive report was first published on 25 July 2019.
Kenya's maize yields have been a concern, with most regions recording low yields of between nine to eleven bags per acre, far from the target of 30 to 40 bags. This is partly due to poor farming practices, including inadequate application of fertilizers and weeding.
Top dressing, the application of nitrogen in granular fertilizer form, is a crucial practice that can boost maize yields. It involves applying fertilizer at the correct crop growth stage and at the recommended rate to ensure maximum absorption by the plant.
Urea, a common nitrogen source, is the cheapest option but requires guaranteed rain to dissolve and absorb the granules within 24-48 hours. If rain is uncertain, CAN is a better option due to its higher nitrogen content.
It's essential to apply nitrogen and other nutrients at the right time, as the plant's requirements change throughout its life cycle. Farmers in Kenya often apply fertilizers too early, which can lead to wasted resources.
Weeding between maize rows is also crucial, as it helps suppress weed growth and prevents competition for nutrients. It's best to weed when the rain is around and leave the weed trash in the lines to act as an umbrella during dry spells.
Embracing good farming practices, such as crop rotation, can also help improve soil health and maximize yields. Inter-cropping maize with beans or other leguminous crops can provide benefits, but crop rotation is a more effective long-term strategy.
