This archive report was first published on 25 August 2020.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment ¶
Published on August 25, 2020, by Dr. Alfred Murage, a Consultant Gynecologist and Fertility Specialist.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition affecting women of reproductive age. The main symptoms include irregular or absent menstrual periods, reduced fertility, acne, and abnormal hair distribution.
Some women may experience weight gain and struggle to maintain a normal weight, while others may develop depression due to changes in their body habitus. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it is believed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
The symptoms of PCOS are related to abnormal glucose control and hormonal imbalance, which can lead to weight control problems, irregular periods, skin, and hair changes. If left untreated, PCOS can increase the risk of long-term health consequences, including late-onset diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer.
Diagnosing PCOS typically involves a combination of typical symptoms, blood tests, and ultrasound imaging of the ovaries. The ovaries are usually enlarged with multiple follicles, giving them a polycystic appearance.
Blood tests may check reproductive hormone levels and glucose control mechanisms. Treatment for PCOS aims to manage the overriding symptoms and prevent long-term health risks. While there is no absolute cure for PCOS, lifestyle modifications, hormone tablets, and medications can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.
Healthy eating habits and regular exercise can help maintain a normal weight and reverse many of the symptoms associated with PCOS. Hormone tablets can induce regular periods and reverse physical changes, while medications can optimize glucose control, aid weight optimization, and improve overall symptoms.
For women experiencing infertility due to PCOS, reducing weight is often the first step towards spontaneous conception. Ovulation medications may also be prescribed, but these should be used under medical supervision to minimize long-term risks.
As a last resort, ovarian surgical procedures may be considered to enhance ovulation and conception. Regular follow-up appointments with a gynecologist are essential to monitor long-term health effects and prevent potential complications.
Dr. Alfred Murage is a Consultant Gynecologist and Fertility Specialist with extensive experience in treating PCOS and related conditions.
