This archive report was first published on 1 July 2020.
Understanding Parkinson’s Disease ¶
July 1, 2020
James Parkinson, an English physician, first described the disease in 1817, noting its characteristic symptoms of tremor, rigidity, and stiffness. These symptoms arise from the damage of nerves in the brain's substantia nigra, also known as the black bodies.
The disease progresses as cells in this area of the brain malfunction or die, a process known as neurodegeneration. While there is no known cure for Parkinson's, various treatments can help control its symptoms.
One such treatment is Deep Brain Stimulation, approved in 1997. This invasive procedure involves inserting probes into the brain to stimulate affected areas. Although effective in severe cases, it has its complications and is not yet available in Kenya.
Research suggests a link between stress and Parkinson's disease, with some experts believing that stress can exacerbate the condition. The relationship between stress and Parkinson's remains a topic of debate.
As the disease progresses, patients may experience difficulties with gait, leading to a characteristic 'head-lean-forward' appearance. They may also lose the usual swing of their arms while walking. Other symptoms include gradual memory loss, poor concentration, and emotional changes. In advanced stages, dementia may set in.
Recent studies have shown clear evidence of anatomical changes in the brains of people diagnosed with depression and schizophrenia. This has led to a reevaluation of old theories on the causation of mental disorders.
Depression is now associated with an inflammatory process, suggesting that it could be an inflammatory disease like arthritis. The link between heart disease and depression is also well recognized, with studies showing that heart attacks are more common in people who are depressed.
The relationship between diabetes and depression is also significant, with many studies ongoing to explore their connection. This highlights the importance of mental health in the treatment of other conditions.
