Uganda has significantly reduced mother-to-child HIV transmission but continues to miss its 5% target, with breastfeeding responsible for the majority of new infections, health officials said. Robert Mutumba, Programme Manager of the AIDS Control Programme at the Ministry of Health, noted that transmission rates dropped from 25,000 cases in 2010 to 4,700 by the end of 2022, a 32% decline. Despite this progress, the country’s current 6% transmission rate remains above the 2025 target of less than 5%, with officials now aiming to meet the goal by 2030. "We’ve seen substantial progress, but we still need to address challenges, particularly during breastfeeding," Mutumba stated. The Ministry of Health reported that 61% of mother-to-child HIV transmissions occur during breastfeeding, highlighting the need for intensified postnatal interventions. Mutumba emphasized regional disparities, noting some areas continue to record higher infection rates. To tackle this, the government, in collaboration with UNAIDS and other partners, is implementing a program to accelerate the elimination of vertical HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B transmission. The initiative focuses on high-burden regions and emphasizes community-centered care, integrating services to improve access to testing, treatment, and follow-up for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. Public health experts warn that sustaining progress requires addressing barriers to care, including limited access to antiretroviral therapy and education on safe feeding practices. Mutumba underscored the importance of continued efforts, stating, "Eliminating transmission demands sustained commitment, especially in areas with high infection rates." The Ministry also highlighted the role of m-PIMA technology and expanded HIV testing in rural areas, alongside initiatives to improve sickle cell diagnosis and treatment. However, challenges such as medicine shortages and condom dispenser shortages persist, complicating broader public health goals. With 107,000 child HIV infections averted since 2010, Uganda’s progress reflects both achievements and ongoing gaps. Health officials remain focused on meeting the 2030 target, even as they acknowledge the complexity of eradicating transmission in a country where breastfeeding remains a critical risk factor. "Our work is far from over," Mutumba said. "We must continue collaborating with communities and partners to ensure every child is born HIV-free."
Uganda's Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission Rate Falls Short of 5% Target Despite Progress
Nyakundi Report Editorial Team
HIV, Uganda, public health, mother-to-child transmission, UNAIDS, Ministry of Health
Uganda's progress in reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission is highlighted, but the country still exceeds its 5% target, with breastfeeding and regional disparities posing ongoing challenges.
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