The Edo-Kogi boundary dispute, which has persisted for decades, remains unresolved due to a combination of historical ambiguities, eroded landmarks, and community resistance, according to Adamu Adaji, Director-General of the National Boundary Commission (NBC). Adaji, speaking in an exclusive interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN), highlighted that while technical and administrative efforts have produced an approved boundary line, its implementation has been stymied by local opposition and the disappearance of critical physical markers.
The dispute, rooted in Legal Notice No. 126 of 1954, which established the boundary between the Northern and Western Regions, has been complicated by the loss of landmarks referenced in the original documentation. Adaji explained that the absence of these features has forced experts to rely on subjective interpretations, leading to conflicting claims from both Edo and Kogi states. This ambiguity has fueled ongoing tensions, with communities along the corridor resisting the proposed demarcation.
Efforts to resolve the issue date back to 2006, when the NBC first attempted to establish a definitive boundary. Despite the commission’s work, the process has faced repeated setbacks. In 2024, the Internal Boundary Committee approved a proposed line, but implementation was halted when local communities objected, arguing that the boundary did not align with their historical understanding of the area.
Adaji emphasized that the commission has engaged stakeholders to address these concerns, including a recent meeting where both states agreed to collaborate on physical demarcation. However, the process has been further complicated by the emergence of new documents, including court judgments, which some parties claim could alter the boundary. The NBC is currently reviewing these materials to ensure a consensus is reached.
The Edo-Kogi dispute is not isolated. The NBC is also addressing farmland conflicts between Ibaji communities in Kogi and Uloshi/Esan South-East in Edo, alongside broader interstate demarcation efforts. Adaji noted that these issues underscore the need for coordinated action between states, local governments, and boundary communities to prevent further friction.
In parallel, the Abia-Anambra boundary dispute, which spans approximately 23 kilometers, has seen partial resolution. While 15 kilometers have been agreed upon, the remaining 8 kilometers—particularly in areas like Ezioba–Umuaku and neighboring Anambra communities—remain contested. Adaji attributed this to the colonial-era divisions that lacked clear documentation, creating room for competing claims.
The cultural and ethnic ties between Abia and Anambra communities, which share languages and intermarriage, have not prevented disputes. Adaji noted that both states have committed to resolving the remaining stretch through fieldwork, which could initially produce two lines reflecting their respective claims before converging on a single boundary.
The NBC has urged communities to cooperate, stressing that boundaries are administrative tools and not barriers to property ownership or cultural exchange. Adaji called on state and local government boundary committees to educate residents about the implications of boundaries, ensuring that property rights are protected regardless of which state administers a given area.
Traditional institutions and community leaders play a critical role in mediating tensions, Adaji said. He warned against actions that could escalate into conflict, emphasizing that any loss of life or property due to boundary disputes is avoidable and should be discouraged.
The public interest implications of unresolved boundaries are significant. Prolonged disputes risk destabilizing communities, hindering development, and fueling mistrust between states. Adaji highlighted the need for transparency and inclusivity in the demarcation process to build lasting trust among stakeholders.
Despite challenges, the NBC remains committed to resolving the Edo-Kogi dispute. Adaji acknowledged that resource constraints have delayed physical demarcation but reiterated the commission’s determination to address the issue as funding becomes available. He also stressed the importance of addressing disputes promptly to prevent them from escalating into violence.
The Abia-Anambra case illustrates the complexity of boundary resolution. Adaji noted that while cultural ties exist, the lack of clear historical records has left room for conflicting narratives. The commission’s approach of fieldwork and stakeholder engagement aims to bridge these gaps and establish a mutually acceptable boundary.
Adaji’s remarks come amid broader concerns about Nigeria’s ability to manage inter-state conflicts. The NBC’s role in mediating disputes is critical, but its effectiveness depends on the cooperation of all parties involved. Without such collaboration, the risk of protracted conflicts and social unrest remains high.
The Edo-Kogi and Abia-Anambra disputes highlight the enduring challenges of Nigeria’s post-colonial administrative framework. As the NBC continues its work, the focus remains on balancing historical accuracy, community input, and legal compliance to achieve sustainable resolutions.
Adaji urged all stakeholders to prioritize dialogue over confrontation, emphasizing that boundaries should serve as tools for unity rather than sources of division. He called on governments to protect the rights of border communities and ensure that demarcation processes are inclusive and transparent.
The resolution of these disputes is not merely a technical exercise but a social and political imperative. By addressing historical grievances and fostering cooperation, Nigeria can move toward a more cohesive and stable future. The NBC’s ongoing efforts, though slow, represent a crucial step in this direction.
The Edo-Kogi and Abia-Anambra boundary issues underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to Nigeria’s administrative challenges. As the NBC navigates these complexities, the emphasis remains on equitable solutions that respect the rights and histories of all involved communities.
The persistence of these disputes serves as a reminder of the long-term consequences of unresolved administrative boundaries. With continued commitment from the NBC and all stakeholders, there is hope for a resolution that upholds the principles of fairness, cooperation, and national unity.