This archive report was first published on 10 August 2019.
As the rise in pests and diseases continues to affect crops, many farmers rely on pesticides to save their harvests. However, the use of these chemicals comes with risks to human health and the environment.
According to a visit to various smallholder farms, a significant number of farmers use pesticides without adhering to recommended guidelines. This article aims to educate farmers on the proper use of pesticides and prevent potential harm.
Before purchasing any pesticide, farmers should identify the target pest or disease and explore alternative methods of crop protection, such as handpicking pests or crop rotation.
When buying pesticides, ensure that the container is sealed, and only purchase what is needed for the season. Storing opened pesticides can reduce their effectiveness or cause them to expire.
Read the instructions accompanying the chemicals carefully, including the primary and secondary labels, before purchasing. Check the batch number, registration number, date of manufacture, and expiry date. The pesticides or bio-pesticides dealer should be registered and have a valid license.
While transporting pesticides, farmers should avoid contaminating other products. Store chemicals in their original containers, tightly closed and labeled. Separate herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides, storing them on different shelves away from children, livestock, and direct sunlight.
Before opening a container, read the label and ensure the chemical is intended for the specified crops. Scout for pests and diseases before spraying, keeping records of the scouting, spraying, and environmental conditions.
Observe the pre-harvest and re-entry interval of each chemical before harvesting produce or working in the same fields. Wear protective gear, such as overalls, gumboots, gloves, and respirators, before spraying.
When applying pesticides, avoid smoking, eating, or drinking, and use clean water to mix the chemical. Mix the required quantity, as using pre-mixed chemicals after 24 hours reduces effectiveness.
Use the right equipment for spraying, including the correct nozzles, and separate knapsacks for herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. Spray chemicals on a cool and calm day, preferably in the morning or evening, before temperatures rise.
Use the right quantities of chemicals, as excessive use can lead to pollution and pest resistance. If you spray excessively, it may be difficult to reverse the effects, but increasing irrigation frequency can help.
In case of eye contact with pesticides, rinse your eyes with running water for 10 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists. To curb resistance, use chemicals with different active ingredients or molecules.
After spraying, remove protective gear and wash it separately from other clothes. Perforate chemical containers to prevent reuse, and thoroughly clean and rinse knapsacks.
Drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration after spraying and wash your hands thoroughly before eating or drinking. While milk can provide energy, it is essential to drink adequate water to clean your blood system.
Finally, consider hiring someone to spray your crops if you are allergic to chemicals or pregnant. If you are unsure about spraying techniques, it is also recommended to hire a professional.
